Primal Health Databank: Study
| Entry No: | 0317 |
| Title: | Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins. Consequences for longterm neurological and cognitive development of the child lactation. |
| Author(s): | Boersma ER, Lanting CI. |
| Reference: | No reference mentioned for this entry |
| Place of Study: | The Netherlands. |
| Abstract: | The authors investigated long term effects of perinatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins on neurological and cognitive development. Given the evidence that PCBs exert oestrogenic effects, and oestrogens are known to suppress lactation, they investigated the effect of maternal PCB body load on lactation performances as well. A group of 418 infants were followed from birth up to 6 years of age. Half of them were fully breast fed for at least 6 weeks. Prenatal PCB exposure was measured from cord and maternal blood. Postnatal exposure was reflected by PCB and dioxin levels in breast and formula milk and plasma PCB levels at 42 months of age. Both neurological and cognitive development were taken as outcome variable at 18, 42 months and at 6 years of age. At 18 and 42 months of age neurological condition was evaluated. Condition was evaluated in terms of optimality. Separately, the fluency of movements was scored. Cognitive abilities were measured at 18 months, at 42 months and at 6 years of age. Daily breast milk volume and milk fat content in relation to PCB body load was evaluated in 102 mothers. At 18 months of age cognitive development was not affected by either pre- or postnatal exposure to the measured PCBs and dioxins. However, neurological examination showed an adverse effect of prenatal exposure to the measured pollutants on neurological optimality score. At 42 months of age there was a negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure on cognitive development. However no effect was demonstrated on postnatal exposure to the measured pollutants. Neurological development was not affected by either pre- or postnatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins. At 6 years of age the preliminary results revealed evidence that cognitive development is affected by prenatal exposure to these pollutants in children from young mothers. An adverse effect of prenatal exposure on neurological outcome was also demonstrated in the formula fed group but not in the breast fed group. Despite a higher PCB exposures from breast milk the authors found at 18 months, 42 months of age, and at 6 years of age a beneficial effect of breast feeding on the quality of movements, in terms of fluency, and on the cognitive development tests. Maternal PCB body load was inversely related to 24-h breast milk volume and milk fat content. These data give evidence that prenatal exposure to PCBs do have subtle negative effects on neurological and cognitive development of the child up to school-age. Human breast milk volume and fat content is adversely affected by the presently encountered PCB levels in W. Europe. These studies showed evidence that breast feeding counteracts the adverse developmental effects of PCBs and dioxins.
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| Keyword(s): | breastfeeding, dioxins, formula feeding, milk pollution, PCBs, psychomotor development |
| Discussion: | No discussion mentioned for this entry |
| See Also: | 0129, 0130, 0131, 0269, 0284 |
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